Efficient degradation of 4-nitrophenol using VO(TPP) impregnated TiO2 photocatalyst: Insight into kinetics and mechanism

Abstract Heterogeneous composites of metalloporphyrins with TiO 2 possess exceptional photosensitizing properties, which works efficiently in degradation organic pollutants. Herein, vanadium porphyrin complex {VO(TPP)} was loaded on photocatalyst {VO(TPP)–TiO } by the wet impregnation method. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized to analyze physicochemical properties and photocatalytic 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) investigated assess their catalytic efficiency. XRD results revealed that VO(TPP)–TiO is dual-phase anatase/rutile high crystallinity. UV-DRS study showed loading caused a red-shift absorption spectrum decreased band-gap as well. surface area has increased significantly after confirmed BET isotherm. 4-NP follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, higher (99%) compared pure (87%). mechanism its pathway also discussed using UV–Vis spectroscopy electrospray mass spectrometry analysis. Graphical abstract